Difference between revisions of "Install Raspbian get connected and basic networking sans usb tty"

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Finally, you must select your drive, note the capacity of your purchased MicroSD card and ensure that you are flashing a device with the same capacity. Note that the number on the box will slightly overestimate the actual capacity. I purchased a 16GB MicroSD card and Balener Etcher reports it as a 15.5GB MicroSD card. After this, click flash and enter your password if required.
 
Finally, you must select your drive, note the capacity of your purchased MicroSD card and ensure that you are flashing a device with the same capacity. Note that the number on the box will slightly overestimate the actual capacity. I purchased a 16GB MicroSD card and Balener Etcher reports it as a 15.5GB MicroSD card. After this, click flash and enter your password if required.
  
−
== Enabling the TTL/Serial Lines ==
+
== Enabling SSH and setting up the WiFi ==
  
−
At this point, we have our SD card flashed. If we wanted we could plug in a keyboard and monitor, but we are going to assume you don't have these and enable the serial lines. Serial connections have been used for over 20 years to connect to Internet Routers, Switches and all types of hardware. It is very important that you get familiar with how this works.  
+
At this point, we have our SD card flashed. If we wanted we could plug in a keyboard and monitor. You could use a screen, keyboard and monitor to enable ssh and configure your Raspberry Pi to connect to your wifi network but we are going to assume you don't have these.
  
−
By default, the TTL/Serial lines are off, we are going to switch them on. Eject and then replug your USB-SDcard reader back into your computer.
+
We are going to enable ssh and connect your raspberry pi to your WiFi network prior to booting into it. So we are making modifications directly to the filesystem. Start by downloading the following two files.
−
Find the partition called boot.  
 
−
Within here, find the file called
 
  
−
config.txt
+
*[[https://iot.murdoch.edu.au/ssh ssh]]
 +
*[[https://iot.murdoch.edu.au/wpa_supplicant.conf wpa_supplicant.conf]]
  
−
Edit this file and at the bottom, on the last line, add
+
Note, yes ssh is a blank file. Now you should go and edit the wpa_supplicant.conf file with your SSID and key.
  
−
enable_uart=1
+
Once you have edited, saved and closed wpa_supplicant.conf you should drag and drop ssh and wpa_supplicant.conf from your computer and into the boot directory on your USB drive.
  
−
Save the file and exit.
+
You can now safely eject you USB drive, remove the SD card and insert it into your Raspberry Pi.
  
−
== USB to TTL/Serial ==
+
== Logging into the Pi ==
  
−
You should now safely eject the MicroSD card and put it in your raspberry pi.  
+
You should now plug the USB cable into your raspberry pi to boot it up. We are going to remotely ssh into the Pi but first we need to find its IP adress.
  
−
Plug in the USB to TTL cable into your laptop. Wire the other end as shown in the diagram.  
+
To find the IP address of your Raspberry Pi, you should ensure that your computer is connected to the same WiFi network as the credentials that you entered into your raspberry pi.
  
−
Do not connect the red wire as this will attempt to power, but may undersupply your raspberry pi. If you plug in the red wire and power your raspberry pi via another USB source then you will break something! Put simply do not plug in the red wire.
+
[[File:determine_ip_linux.png|right|thumb|x300px|alt=The Raspberry Pi over a serial connection| How to determine your IP address on Linux]]
 +
[[File:determine_ip_windows.png|right|thumb|x300px|alt=The Raspberry Pi over a serial connection| How to determine your IP address on Windows]]
  
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[[File:Cabling_the_USB_TTL.jpeg|right|thumb|x400px|alt=The Raspberry Pi connected to USB/TTL - Note the unattached Red wire| The Raspberry Pi connected to USB/TTL - Note the unattached Red wire]]
+
To find your raspberry pi, we will scan the subnet with nmap. You can download nmap, for any operating system, here: https://nmap.org/download.html
  
−
We will provide a regular power source to power your raspberry pi. See the diagrams to your right for the correct physical wiring.
+
Now you want to find out the IP address of your LAN. Open up a command line / terminal and find out your IP address.  
 +
*Windows: Click on the start menu and then type command. You should then beat able to open a command prompt. Open it an type:
 +
ipconfig
 +
*MacOS and Linux: Click on the launcher and search for your terminal. open it and type:
 +
ip a
  
−
In the next step, we will read and write the serial text from your USB cable. How you do this will depend on your operating system.
+
Record your Ip address.  
  
−
=== Windows ===
+
Now open nmap and scan the network. Under target, if your computers IP address was 10.0.0.56 put 10.0.0.0-255. If your computers IP address was 192.168.1.101 the target should be 192.168.1.0-255.
  
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Install putty from:
+
After the scan has completed, you should look through the output and identify the IP address of the raspberry Pi.
  
−
http://www.putty.org/
+
You should now try to ssh into your raspberry Pi.  
  
−
You will also need the drivers Prolific Chipset drivers from here:  
+
On MacOS or Linux, open a terminal and type:
  
−
  http://www.prolific.com.tw/US/ShowProduct.aspx?p_id=225&pcid=41
+
  ssh pi@[ip_address]
  
−
Start Putty by clicking on the .exe then select a connection type "Serial" from the radio buttons. Set the speed to 115200 and the serial line to COM7. Finally, click 'Open' to connect. Remember to press ENTER to start communications.
+
On windows install and open [[https://www.putty.org/ Putty]] and then put the IP address in the box that says hostname. The default password for your raspberry Pi is:  
−
 
+
   
−
=== Mac ===
+
raspberry
−
 
 
−
On a Mac open a Terminal window and issue the command:
 
−
 
 
−
ls /dev/cu.*
 
−
 
 
−
=== Linux ===
 
−
 
 
−
In Linux, you can use the screen application. You can install it in Ubuntu with:
 
−
 
 
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sudo apt-get install screen
 
−
 
 
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Then run the following command:
 
−
 
 
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sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
 
−
 
 
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== Logging into the Pi ==
 
−
 
 
−
Using your serial connection you should now see output similar to what is shown in the image to the right.  
 
−
 
 
−
The default login for your Pi is:
 
−
 
 
−
  Username: pi
 
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password: raspberry
 
  
 
Once you have logged in you should immediately set a strong password with:
 
Once you have logged in you should immediately set a strong password with:
  
 
  passwd
 
  passwd
−
 
−
[[File:Pi_serial_crop.png|right|thumb|x300px|alt=The Raspberry Pi over a serial connection| The Raspberry Pi over a serial connection]]
 
−
 
−
== Connect to a WiFi network ==
 
−
 
−
To connect via the cli, open wpa-supplicant.conf:
 
−
 
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sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
 
−
 
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Go to the bottom of the file and add the following:
 
−
 
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Note: your password will be echoed onto the screen so just ensure that nobody is looking over your shoulder. You can go somewhere private or you can also drag your terminal window off the screen and still type. Remember Ctrl+x then y to save and exit.
 
−
 
−
network={
 
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    ssid="thisismyssid"
 
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    psk="thisismypassword"
 
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}
 
−
 
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Reboot your machine with:
 
−
 
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sudo reboot now
 
−
 
−
Log back in and check what the IP address of the machine is.
 
  
 
== Update your Pi via apt ==
 
== Update your Pi via apt ==
Line 126: Line 84:
  
 
To update your pi.
 
To update your pi.
−
 
−
== Turn on SSH ==
 
−
 
−
You can turn on the ssh server so that you can access the pi from your Linux virtual machine with:
 
−
 
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sudo apt install openssh-server
 
−
 
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Afte this type
 
−
 
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sudo raspi-config
 
−
 
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Then go to
 
−
 
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InterfacingOptions->SSH
 
−
 
−
And enable ssh. Test that ssh works by opening an ssh client on your Linux VM, ssh to the IP address of the raspberry pi in a separate terminal.
 
−
 
−
ssh pi@[IP address]
 
  
 
== Expand the filesystem ==
 
== Expand the filesystem ==
  
−
Within Raspi config, also go into Advanced and then exand the filesystem. You will need to reboot afterwards.
+
Within Raspi config, also go into Advanced and then expand the filesystem. You will need to reboot afterwards.
  
 
== Challenge SSH keys ==
 
== Challenge SSH keys ==

Latest revision as of 05:58, 17 July 2020

In this activity, we will show you how you can get started with your Raspberry Pi. Some of you may have done this before and there are easier ways to do this. The most simple way to get started with a Raspberry Pi is to buy a pre-installed sd card running NOOBS. You can then plug in a monitor, keyboard and mouse.

The aim of this unit is to teach you some fundamentals of IoT device, so it is important that you can use a serial connection on an IoT device which may not have an Internet connection. Secondly, we have devised an IoT and a unit with no additional assumptions above a laptop and a phone. So we are assuming that you don't have a spare keyboard, monitor and mouse available.

Downloading and Flashing Raspbian on an SD Card

Start by downloading the Raspbian Lite image: https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/

The reason that we will use the Raspbian lite image is that it does not use a graphical user interface. We will do our best to keep students on the command line as this is how most IoT devices will run, in "headless mode".

While the image is downloading, please find, Download and install Balener Etcher from:

https://www.balena.io/.

We will use Balener Etcher to safely install the image to your sd card. It works on Windows, OSX and Linux and does a pretty good job of preventing you from writing the Raspbian image to any of your computer's drives.

Insert your SD Card, into your USB-SDcard reader. Then insert the USB-SDcard reader into your computer.

Open the BalenerEtcher software on your computer. Pick "Flash from file" and then find your downloaded Raspbian image name it usually start with a date like "2020-06-13-raspbian...."

Finally, you must select your drive, note the capacity of your purchased MicroSD card and ensure that you are flashing a device with the same capacity. Note that the number on the box will slightly overestimate the actual capacity. I purchased a 16GB MicroSD card and Balener Etcher reports it as a 15.5GB MicroSD card. After this, click flash and enter your password if required.

Enabling SSH and setting up the WiFi

At this point, we have our SD card flashed. If we wanted we could plug in a keyboard and monitor. You could use a screen, keyboard and monitor to enable ssh and configure your Raspberry Pi to connect to your wifi network but we are going to assume you don't have these.

We are going to enable ssh and connect your raspberry pi to your WiFi network prior to booting into it. So we are making modifications directly to the filesystem. Start by downloading the following two files.

Note, yes ssh is a blank file. Now you should go and edit the wpa_supplicant.conf file with your SSID and key.

Once you have edited, saved and closed wpa_supplicant.conf you should drag and drop ssh and wpa_supplicant.conf from your computer and into the boot directory on your USB drive.

You can now safely eject you USB drive, remove the SD card and insert it into your Raspberry Pi.

Logging into the Pi

You should now plug the USB cable into your raspberry pi to boot it up. We are going to remotely ssh into the Pi but first we need to find its IP adress.

To find the IP address of your Raspberry Pi, you should ensure that your computer is connected to the same WiFi network as the credentials that you entered into your raspberry pi.

The Raspberry Pi over a serial connection
How to determine your IP address on Linux
The Raspberry Pi over a serial connection
How to determine your IP address on Windows

To find your raspberry pi, we will scan the subnet with nmap. You can download nmap, for any operating system, here: https://nmap.org/download.html

Now you want to find out the IP address of your LAN. Open up a command line / terminal and find out your IP address.

  • Windows: Click on the start menu and then type command. You should then beat able to open a command prompt. Open it an type:
ipconfig
  • MacOS and Linux: Click on the launcher and search for your terminal. open it and type:
ip a

Record your Ip address.

Now open nmap and scan the network. Under target, if your computers IP address was 10.0.0.56 put 10.0.0.0-255. If your computers IP address was 192.168.1.101 the target should be 192.168.1.0-255.

After the scan has completed, you should look through the output and identify the IP address of the raspberry Pi.

You should now try to ssh into your raspberry Pi.

On MacOS or Linux, open a terminal and type: 

ssh pi@[ip_address]

On windows install and open [Putty] and then put the IP address in the box that says hostname. The default password for your raspberry Pi is:

raspberry

Once you have logged in you should immediately set a strong password with: 

passwd

Update your Pi via apt

You can 

sudo apt update

Then: 

sudo apt upgrade

To update your pi.

Expand the filesystem

Within Raspi config, also go into Advanced and then expand the filesystem. You will need to reboot afterwards.

Challenge SSH keys

Can you get SSH Keys working on the Raspberry Pi? Can you SSH from your Linux Virtual machine into your raspberry pi without any passwords?

Some instructions here

Free time

If you find yourself with free time, then please work through Linux MOTD for your system.

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